Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION AS NA INSTRUMENT TO COMBAT CAPABILITY IN A DEMOCRATIC AND PLURAL CONTEXT - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p125
Ableist practices are oppressive, discriminatory, and exclusionary behaviors, based on the idea of subordination, inferiority, and incapacity of people with disabilities in relation to those who consider themselves "normal." Such attitudes hinder access to fundamental rights, such as the right to information. Thus, the research question seeks to answer: how can the right to information be used to combat these acts? The general objective is to analyze the right to information as a tool to combat such behaviors. The specific objectives are to characterize ableism and the perspective on people with disabilities from a conceptual and historical perspective; to address the right to information as a fundamental right of people with disabilities; and finally, to discuss the right to information as a tool to combat ableism. This is a bibliographical study, characterized as a systematic literature review, with a qualitative approach for content analysis and interpretation. The results showed that, despite advances in legislation and policies with an inclusive perspective, ableism remains common in contemporary times, whether through face-to-face relationships or via social media, such as the use of inappropriate terms and hateful attacks on social media. In this context, adopting measures that promote the right to information (to inform and be informed) are crucial to combating it and guaranteeing the rights of these individuals. The theoretical framework highlighted was the studies by Almeida (2019), Fohrmann and Kiefer (2016), Araújo (1991), and Freitas (2011), as well as national legislation (the 1988 Federal Constitution and the Statute of Persons with Disabilities). KEYWORDS: Right to information. Combating ableism. Persons with disabilities. Inclusion.
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JURY COURT: THREE EMPIRICAL PROBLEMS IN THE LIGHT OF DEMOCRATIC AND INFORMATIONAL SOCIETIES - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p147
This article defends the continuation of the Jury Court as an instrument of representation of the People in the Judiciary as long as three practical problems are resolved: the undemocratic blindness of the draw, the incompleteness of procedural information and the lack of knowledge of the jurors' legal knowledge. The blind draw denies the representativeness and turnover of social plurality; the incompleteness of the procedural information imposes a veil of ignorance on the juror’s eyes with the expectation of guaranteeing the confidentiality of the process and the neutrality of the trial, imitating the look of the Goddess of Justice; The juror’s lack of knowledge of legal knowledge in turn facilitates the infiltration of various popular myths that undermine the legitimacy and modernity of the trial. Considering this critical diagnosis, the specific objective of this article is to propose two corrective strategies that aim to pluralize the composition of the Jury Court and optimize the jurors' legal information. The aim of this article is to improve the practice of the Jury Court in the light of Democratic and Informational Societies. KEYWORDS: Jury Court. Information Society. Democratic Society. Blind draw of jurors. Constitutional expectations. Myth of procedural ignorance.
ASPECTOS RELEVANTES SOBRE O SISTEMA DE PRECEDENTES DA ESPANHA EM UM DIREITO COMPARADO - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p105
Busca-se identificar os aspectos legislativos que fundamentam um possível sistema de precedentes na Espanha, a fim de cotejá-los com o modelo pátrio inaugurado com a reforma do Código de Processo Civil (Lei n° 13.105/2015). A intenção é estabelecer paralelos que permitam indicar, ou ao menos evidenciar, caminhos mais adequados para a aplicação dos precedentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico e legislativo, conduzido sob abordagem metodológica dedutiva, foi possível delinear algumas premissas. Destaca-se o fato de que, na Espanha, embora também exista debate sobre a legitimidade e a validade de um sistema de precedentes vinculantes, observa-se, de modo geral, significativa deferência às decisões do Tribunal Supremo e do Tribunal Constitucional, baseada muito mais em uma vinculação de facto que propriamente de iure. Em termos estritos, tal dinâmica aproxima-se mais de um imperativo interna corporis de respeito jurisprudencial do que de uma obrigação decorrente de um regime normativo positivo dotado de força vinculante. Conclui-se, assim, que, apesar das disputas doutrinárias e do reduzido arcabouço legislativo que estrutura o modelo espanhol – em contraste com o sistema brasileiro, agora francamente estabelecido –, seu funcionamento prático raramente se mostra comprometido. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistemas processuais. Precedentes vinculantes. Direito comparado.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF MAGISTRATES IN PORTUGAL - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p309
LEGITIMACY OF MORALITY AND THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM IN ANCIENT GREECE: FROM THE BASILEUS TO THE POLIS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p85
This article aims to analyze the legitimacy of morality in Ancient Greece and the concept of freedom developed by the ancient Greeks. Initially, the foundation of morality is examined through the figure of the basileus, outlining the theoretical framework that structured morality in Ancient Greece, especially during the Mycenaean period. Next, the emergence of philosophy and the polis is addressed as fundamental elements for the development of the sphere of freedom and democracy in Ancient Greece. It is argued that the legitimacy of morality underwent changes in its theoretical framework for validating moral norms with the emergence of Greek philosophy and the birth of the polis, since with the advent of philosophy and the polis, the public sphere became the space in which freedom was exercised in the Greek world, understood as collective and direct participation in the main political decisions of the polis — deliberations on war and peace, alliance treaties with foreigners, lawmaking, judgments, and other matters of common interest. Thus, Greek morality in antiquity experienced a shift in its theoretical framework. The methodology adopted consisted of a bibliographic review of relevant works, encompassing different areas of knowledge — philosophy, law, and history — which provided theoretical support for a deeper understanding of the study’s object. Among the main authors consulted for the development of this work and as theoretical references are Jean-Pierre Vernant, Sophocles, Manfredo A. de Oliveira, Aristotle, Plato, and Werner Jaeger. KEYWORDS: Morality. Basileus. Bolis. Freedom. Femocracy.
ITBI TAX BASE: THE PRINCIPLES OF REALITY AND PRACTICALITY - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p283
A determinação da base de cálculo do ITBI, assim como a da maioria dos tributos, dá margem a muitos questionamentos jurídicos, tendo como uma das principais causas o fato de que nem sempre a Administração Pública dispõe da infraestrutura exigível para a aplicação da lei ao caso concreto. Utilizando-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, o presente trabalho, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, realizado a partir da análise da legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência pertinentes, teve por objeto, em razão da sua relevância e atualidade, proporcionar algumas reflexões acerca dos princípios da realidade e da praticidade para a determinação da base concreta do ITBI. Nesse breve percurso, preocupou-se em demonstrar que o atual posicionamento do STJ, no sentido de que o valor da transmissão declarado pelo contribuinte goza da presunção de veracidade, passível de ser afastada pelo fisco somente se esse valor se mostrar, de pronto, incompatível com a realidade, está conforme o Direito brasileiro, sobretudo pela coerência de seus fundamentos, respaldados em sólido embasamento científico, de longa data sustentados no ambiente acadêmico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sujeito de direitos. “Bis in idem”. Valor venal. Reforma tributária.
OPEN AND RHIZOMATIC MACHINES: REFLECTIONS ON FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (FLOSS) - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p259
This article examines Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) in opposition to the hegemonic proprietary model. FLOSS is understood through the deleuze-guattarian concept of the rhizome and in close dialogue with Simondon’s notion of the open machine. The methodology is exploratory, based on an interdisciplinary bibliographic review. It concludes that FLOSS promotes free access to and circulation of technical knowledge, fostering collective inventiveness and the evolution of technical objects. The tension against the dominant logic of closure and dependency opens space for regulatory approaches that ensure interoperability, transparency, and technological sovereignty. KEYWORDS: Open Source. Free Software. Rhizome. Open Machine. FLOSS
POST-MORTEM ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FILIAL AND SUCCESSION LAW - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p55
This study analyzes the legal challenges of post-mortem assisted reproduction, with an emphasis on the inheritance rights of a child conceived after the death of one of the parents. The topic is relevant due to advancements in reproductive techniques and the lack of specific regulations in the Brazilian legal system, which creates uncertainties and controversies, particularly in family and inheritance law. The objective of this study is to examine the legal impacts of post-mortem assisted reproduction, addressing the need for prior consent, the form of authorization, the inheritance rights of the descendant, and the timeframe for carrying out the procedure. The methodological approach employed is deductive, and the procedural method is bibliographic and documentary, involving the analysis of legal norms, specialized doctrine, and case law. The study argues that post-mortem assisted reproduction should be permitted, provided that certain requirements are met, such as the deceased’s consent. However, it disagrees with the requirement for a formal notarized authorization, proposing instead that consent may be given through the Informed Consent Form used in reproductive procedures, as long as it contains an autonomous and specific clause. Additionally, a three-year limit for the use of cryopreserved genetic material is suggested to ensure inheritance predictability. Given the regulatory gaps, the study concludes that the creation of specific legislation is urgently needed to provide legal certainty and to harmonize technological innovations with the principles of Brazilian law. KEYWORDS: Post-mortem. Assisted reproduction. Parentage rights. Succession rights.
THE 5TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS: LEGAL UNCERTAINTY IN LABOR RELATIONS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p243
The 5th Industrial Revolution promises a new era of advanced cooperation between humans and intelligent machines, bringing profound transformations in work relationships. Based on bibliographical and documental research, this article explores the impacts of these changes on workers' personal rights, highlighting the importance of legal foundations in order to minimize legal uncertainty. The qualitative analysis covers the advancement of personality rights, the introduction of new technologies and strategies for disseminating knowledge, aiming to promote a fair and safe work environment. The objective is to evaluate how productive transformations that involve interrelationships – more than human-machine interaction, characteristic of previous industrial revolutions – can call into question the scope and limits of personality rights for non-human intelligence and the use of biopower techniques. The result is the realization of the pressing need to question our legal parameters with a possible new modeling that ensures fundamental rights, including those of personality discussed here, in a scenario that goes beyond the frontiers of human intelligence. KEYWORDS: Personality Rights. juridical insecurity. work relationships. 5th Industrial Revolution.
FIRM THEORY AND PLATFORM ECONOMY - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p223
The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the Platform Economy and the severe reduction in transaction costs it provides does not imply a re-reading of the Theory of the Firm. The descriptive deductive method was applied by addressing the Theory of the Firm as a governance mechanism aimed at reducing transaction costs, market understanding and the new structures provided by technology, including the Platform Economy. In the search for the results, it was essential to cut the study to the economic aspect of the firm, using the New Institutional Economics for the paradigm shift with respect to Neoclassical Economics. It is concluded that, although the Platform Economy provides substantial allocative and cost reduction advantages, there will be a time when the firm will present itself as a more advantageous means of coordination for the reduction, even minimal, of transaction costs. Factors such as business growth and scalability, compliance with laws and regulations, and market instability can make the firm, even in the context of the Platform Economy, present itself as a more efficient alternative, so that a re-reading of the Theory of the Firm is not necessary, although it is recognized that the debate is incipient, with room for new discussions. KEYWORDS: Theory of the Firm. Governance Structures. Transaction Costs. Technology. Platform Economy.
THE LEGAL CHALLENGES OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF BIODIVERSITY IN THE FACE OF THE CLIMATE CRISIS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p41
The article examines the challenges that climate change poses to the international legal regime for the protection of biodiversity, framing the climate crisis as a legally destabilizing phenomenon. Based on a normative and systemic analysis of the main environmental treaties, combined with doctrinal contributions and the decision-making practice of the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) and international courts, the study identifies two central weaknesses in the current legal architecture. The first stems from the conservative character of biodiversity norms, which seek to preserve a static ecological state, at odds with the transformations induced by climate change; the second concerns the normative fragmentation between the biodiversity and climate change regimes. In light of this diagnosis, the study highlights the need to incorporate ecosystem-based adaptation strategies and to acknowledge the interpretative role of COP decisions as instruments of soft law and subsequent interpretation under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Furthermore, it advocates a systemic and integrated interpretation of environmental treaties, pursuant to Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention, in order to harmonize obligations and prevent contradictions. The article concludes that only a dynamic, interconnected, and adaptive reading of international environmental law can ensure the effective protection of biodiversity in the face of the escalating climate crisis. KEYWORDS: Climate change. Biodiversity. International environmental law. Systemic interpretation. Conferences of the Parties.
THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF BRAZILIAN CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAWS: FROM THE BRAZILIAN EMPIRE TO THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE 1939 CPC - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p197
O presente artigo jurídico faz um escorço crítico-histórico do nascimento, evolução, sedimentação, aprimoramento e perspectivas do direito processual civil brasileiro desde a época imperial, passando pela elaboração dos códigos de processos civis dos Estados Membros e pela tomada de decisão política da elaboração do primeiro código de processo civil (1939. Não constitui objeto deste trabalho, o estudo e levantamento crítico de pontos relacionados aos acontecimentos jurídicos, políticos ou sociais ocorridos entre a entrada em vigor do CPC de 1939 e o atual CPC, ainda que sejam apresentado elementos, ainda que superficiais, entre o passado e o presente, como por exemplo a temática ligada à existência dos códigos de processos civis estaduais e a presença marcante do princípio da oralidade. Espera-se que a presente pesquisa jurídica, bibliográfica por excelência, contribua para a revisitação de institutos históricos há anos sedimentados na dogmática processual nacional, a ensejar uma nova visão democrática junto ao ensino jurídico de direito processual civil brasileiro. No que se refere à metodologia de pesquisa, foi escolhida a pesquisa exploratória, cujo método escolhido foi o da documentação indireta, em especial a pesquisa bibliográfica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: História do Direito. Codificação. Praxismo. Oralidade. CPC atual.
THE ANTICORRUPTION AGENDA IN THE OAS AND THE BASIS FOR THE INTERNALIZATION OF CRIMINAL LAW - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p17
This article aims to analyze the initiatives of the OAS (Organization of American States) in promoting anti-corruption policies in Latin America, particularly regarding the legitimacy of multilateral institutions in establishing legal and criminal obligations. The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was chosen as a paradigm, along with the discussions promoted by its respective implementation mechanism (MESICIC), which allow for an observation of how the process of internationalization and subsequent internalization of such obligations has unfolded. In the context of globalization, international initiatives should provide tools for states to jointly address problems that arise on the international stage, thereby uniting efforts to preserve their respective democratic institutions. The importance of this analysis within the criminal law framework is justified, as the issue is particularly sensitive, given that the immediate and international demands of contemporary society may conflict with the principles of criminal policy grounded in human dignity. It is concluded that balancing the factors of universalism and sovereignty is crucial in the process of defining political agendas, to promote supranational integration as well as protect the axiological foundations of the Democratic Rule of Law. Keywords: OAS. Inter-American Convention against Corruption. Criminal law. Criminal policy.
DIGITAL JUSTICE IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH AND EUROPE: TECHNOLOGICAL NEUTRALITY, INEQUALITY, AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR CHILE - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v87p163
This article critically examines the notion of technological neutrality in digital justice by comparing regulatory frameworks in Europe, the Global South, and Chile. It argues that automated systems are not neutral but rather reproduce and amplify structural inequalities; every technical decision—from interface design to the weighting of variables in algorithms—entails normative choices with distributive consequences. The European analysis highlights progress in data protection and oversight procedures, but its formalistic and procedural approach proves insufficient to address substantive issues of justice, particularly in Global South contexts marked by digital divides, social exclusion, and institutional weakness. In Chile, the uncritical adoption of European models could perpetuate inequities, underscoring the need for context-sensitive approaches. The article proposes a model of democratic governance of digital justice that incorporates Privacy by Design, Equity by Design, Participatory Design, and Algorithmic Impact Assessment, combined with meaningful human oversight and civic deliberation. Techno-political literacy and the recognition of technology as a site of political contestation are essential for building inclusive, transparent, and accountable judicial systems. Ultimately, the article contends that digital justice should not be conceived as an inevitable destiny but as a normative choice, offering a pathway toward more equitable and democratic models, particularly relevant for the challenges of the Global South and the Chilean context. KEYWORDS: algorithmic justice, technological neutrality, algorithmic discrimination, AI governance.
NOTES ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND SOCIAL MEDIA: CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p367
Based on a critical interpretative approach to Constitutional Theory and Constitutional Law, the article aims to address the emerging tension between the exercise of freedom of expression and the most recent guidelines of some of the largest online platforms (X and Meta), set against the backdrop of the requirement for democratic legitimacy in the norms proposed by both state and corporate entities. Restrictions and limits in this field must, to avoid illegitimate abuses, serve as a condition for the very possibility of public discourse. The hypothesis put forward is that, in a world marked by digital ubiquity, democratic principles need to be displaced and reinterpreted, but not abandoned as if they were anachronistic. Thus, the article seeks to demonstrate that any normative solution raised in response to the challenges posed by online platforms to established conceptions of freedom of expression must be confronted with the requirement for transparency, discursiveness, and comprehensibility in democratic deliberative processes. KEYWORDS: Freedom of Expression. Social Media. Democratic Legitimacy.
FUNDAMENTAL DUTY OF PARLIAMENT AND THE CHIEFS OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER TO ALLOW THE SOCIAL CONTROL - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p115
This paper deals with a major topic in a democracy: social control (control of the Public Administration’s actions by the people). Considering Brazil is a Democratic Rule of Law State in which all power emanates from the people, popular sovereignty is one of its bases. Furthermore, Public Administration, when acting, must have the public interest as its guide, and pay attention to the principle of publicity, among others. Therefore, the State must justify its actions to its people in accordance with constitutional premises. In respect to this article, the scope deals with the publicity of administrative acts carried out by natural persons holding mandates in parliament and at the head of the Executive Branch. In addition to the duty to comply with the attributes inherent to the public function performed, these people, as citizens of a community of free and equal people, have a responsibility towards society. Thus, the research’s problem is: is there a fundamental duty in regard to the promotion of social control by these natural persons that occupies Parliament seats and in the Head of Executive Branch? To answer the question, the chosen method is Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology, revealing the phenomenon, as it presents itself in the world of life. The hypothesis brought forward is that, through the liturgy of the position held, in addition to the responsibilities arising from the execution of public activity, there is a fundamental duty, extracted from solidarity, to provide publicity for one’s actions. KEYWORDS: Social Control. Fundamental duty. Phenomenology.
THE TAXATION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND FISCAL ISONOMY: THE EXAMPLE OF CIDE-ROYALTIES - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p95
The present work aims to address the compatibility between CIDE-Technology and the principle of tax equality, through a qualitative approach to the issue, developed through bibliographic and documentary research, using the deductive method. The research is justified by the gigantic tax burden on technology transfer and the incompatibilities of this tax with various constitutional norms. It is concluded that, in addition to formal equality, CIDE-Technology violates the principle of material equality, as companies in similar situations must be taxed equally. KEYWORDS: CIDE-Technology. Tax Equality. Technology Transfer.
THE NEW EUROPEAN UNION DIRECTIVES ON THE DIGITALISATION OF CONTRACT LAW - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p65
Our world is changing and the EU Directives of more than a decade do not adequately address all the challenges of electronic commerce through platforms and on digital assets. In this new environment, it is worth highlighting the enactment of two fundamental directives, which were adopted in 2019: one regulates the contract for the sale of tangible goods, though it presents the distinctive feature that its scope covers both tangible goods and those same goods with digital elements (smart goods). This is Directive (EU) 2019/771 of 20 May. The other is Directive (EU) 2019/770, of the same date as the former, which regulates the contract for the supply of digital contents and services, without specifying what type of contract should have them as its subject matter. The European legislator is thus taking into account the changes brought about by technological advances, but also introduces the idea of sustainable consumption by admitting, for the first time, that durability is a conformity requirement. KEYWORDS: Digital content and services. European private law. Consumer protection. Sales. Conformity. Durability. Remedies.
CONSENSUS IN CONSTITUTIONAL JURISDICTION: CONCILIATION AS AN INSTRUMENT IN THE JUDICIAL REVIEW BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ADPF Nº 829/RS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p275
This article aims to analyze the possibility of conciliation in the context of judicial review, as well as to systematize the limits, requirements, and potentialities of dispute resolution within constitutional jurisdiction. It is argued that this type of conciliation also represents an appropriate procedural avenue for upholding constitutionality, allowing agreements that respect democratic pluralism. However, it is acknowledged that such agreements entail several risks, including the potential cooptation of the judiciary and the exclusion of the legal community from the debate. This study employed a bibliographic review methodology, focusing on the Brazilian system of judicial review and alternative dispute resolution, as well as a case study methodology, examining the “ADPF — Ação de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental — de nº 829/RS”. This approach sought to realistically assess the advantages and risks associated with this type of conciliation. Ultimately, the study concluded that it is possible to achieve agreements within the framework of judicial review, provided that this procedural arena is regulated from a redistributive perspective of access to justice. KEYWORDS: Conciliation. Constitutional review. Constitutional jurisdiction. Access to justice.
A COMPLEMENTARIDADE PROCESSUAL DA GARANTIA CONVENCIONAL EUROPEIA - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p475
LEGAL LOOPHOLES: AN ANALYSIS OF NORMATIVE VOIDS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN A DYNAMIC LEGAL SYSTEM - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p41
The concept of legal gaps in civil law systems stems from the impossibility of legal norms to foresee all social situations, which generates normative gaps that require complementary mechanisms for their resolution. This article aims to analyze these gaps from a theoretical and practical perspective, exploring their nature, typologies and tools for legal integration. The methodology used combines an analytical-descriptive approach with the doctrinal and comparative analysis of legal systems. It was concluded that the existence of gaps in the legal order depends on the theoretical framework adopted. For those who believe in the integrity of the legal order as a closed system of norms, legal gaps are not possible, while for those who conceive of the legal order as an open system, gaps are inevitable. The proper management of gaps is fundamental to preserving the coherence and integrity of the legal system. Integration mechanisms allow the law to adapt to new social and technological realities and ensure justice and equity. The role of the judge is key in this process, given the prohibition of non liquet. KEYWORDS: Loopholes. Legal Gaps. Analogy. General principles of law. Legal Integration. Legal Coeherence.
INFORMATION OVERLOAD IN CONSUMER RELATIONS: CONSUMER VULNERABILITY IN THE FACE OF EXCESSIVE INFORMATION - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p249
This article aims to analyze the impact of new information and communication technologies on consumer relations, focusing on the formation of a “technoconsumerist” market and the consumer vulnerability generated by the increased circulation of information in society, treated as information overload, a phenomenon also known as informational obesity, which tends to affect the consumer´s free and informed choice, accentuating their vulnerability in the modern consumer relationship. The research, based on the hypothetico-deductive method and bibliographic review, utilizes the theoretical frameworks of Jeremy Rifkin, Yoneji Masuda, and Gilles Lipovetsky. The paper is divided into three chapters: the first discusses the “informational deluge” triggered by the excessive flow of information resulting from the convergence of new technologies and internet use; the second examines “informational obesity,” which arises from the combination of the “informational deluge” and the creative strategies of suppliers, such as planned obsolescence and aggressive advertising, increasing consumer vulnerability and perpetuating “hyperconsumption”; the third proposes an “informational diet,” highlighting the need to reduce excessive information and promote education for conscious consumption, while suggesting greater state control over advertising. The conclusion points out that technology, while essential, poses challenges to the right to information and healthy consumption, requiring measures to ensure consumer protection. KEYWORDS: Informational obesity. Hyperconsumption. Consumer awareness. Informational diet.
O USO POLÍTICO DO JUIZ INTERNACIONAL - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p421
É muito raro que um Estado recorra a uma jurisdição internacional guiado exclusivamente por considerações jurídicas. Dada a singularidade da ordem jurídica internacional, qualquer recurso interestatal sempre responde, de uma forma ou de outra, a considerações políticas. Em algumas hipóteses, no entanto, estas podem suplantar todas as demais. Em outras palavras, ocorre, de maneira paradoxal, que o requerente acione o juiz internacional sem, no entanto, esperar uma solução judicial para o litígio. Por razões diversas e variadas, busca obter alguma outra vantagem. Embora esse fenômeno seja antigo, ele se ampliou significativamente nas últimas décadas. Os Estados encontram-se cada vez mais instrumentalizando o tribunal do juiz internacional para fins políticos. Trata-se de uma tendência forte, explicada, em particular, pelo contexto geopolítico atual e pela multipolarização do mundo. Devido a profundas divisões internas entre seus membros, vários órgãos políticos internacionais não conseguem mais desempenhar suas funções de maneira satisfatória. Diante dessa situação preocupante, os Estados, às vezes, não têm outra alternativa senão recorrer ao juiz internacional. Essa tendência, que se revela difícil de conter, levanta certas inquietações quanto ao futuro.
SPEECH GIVEN BY THE SPEAKER OF CLASS 180, DAY SHIFT, GRADUATES OF THE SECOND SEMESTER OF 2024 OF THE UNDERGRADUATE LAW COURSE AT THE UFMG LAW SCHOOL, AT THE GRADUATION SESSION HELD ON 02/17/2025 - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p415
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY: REGULATORY CHALLENGES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p225
The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has driven innovations across various sectors but also raises significant environmental concerns, particularly due to the high energy and water consumption of data centers. This article examines AI’s environmental impact by analyzing rising energy and water consumption, carbon emissions, and global regulatory challenges. The research is based on a literature review and official reports, comparing mitigation initiatives adopted by different countries, such as the European Union, the United States, and China. The study highlights the need for public policies and technological advances aimed at sustainability, emphasizing solutions such as low-energy AI, renewable energy sources, and efficient server cooling methods. It concludes that the transition to sustainable AI requires coordinated efforts between governments, the private sector, and the academic community to minimize environmental impacts and ensure responsible technological development. KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence. Environmental impact. Sustainability. Data centers.
Paulo José Pereira Carneiro Torres da Silva
O ESTUDANTE ZÉ PAULO NA VETUSTA CASA DE AFONSO PENA - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p399
THE POTENTIAL OF PROCEDURAL MECHANISMS IN COLLECTIVE LITIGATION: REFLECTIONS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTH - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p17
The collective rights tutelage is constantly challenged by the complexity of requests, the respective instruction and the effects of decisions or agreements, which demand much more than awarded and linear solutions. The article investigates the feasibility and possible advantages of using procedural transactions in the context of collective protection, as a strategy to ensure greater protagonism to interested parties and co-responsibility in the conformation of procedures and implementation of the rights to be guaranteed. Based on bibliographic and documental research, the limitations of the traditional civil procedure for the effectiveness of collective and individual rights are outlined and the characteristics of the procedural legal business are examined. Subsequently, based on real cases on the protection of the right to health, the benefits that can be obtained in the preprocedural, procedural and execution phases of lawsuits are identified, indicating, at the end, possible paths for a greater use of the institute. KEYWORDS: Procedure Bargain; Collective Rights Tutelage; Effectiveness; Right to Selfdetermination
LEGAL CHALLENGES TO INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGAINST OFFENCES RELATED TO ONLINE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE, CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION MATERIAL DURING ARMED CONFLICTS - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2025v86p201
Legal protection of children during armed conflicts is considered as a means to reduce suffering of this highly vulnerable group. Unfortunately, information and telecommunication technologies are intensively used to aggravate humanitarian condition of children being disproportionately affected by military conflicts. Although international humanitarian law contains a significant number of norms providing special protection of children, most issues related to child abuses on the Internet are enshrined in specific treaties that may be not applicable during international military conflicts. Since many treaties may be suspended or terminated during armed conflicts for different reasons, including practical impossibility to exercise international cooperation between law-enforcement agencies, the issue of applicability of cybercrime conventions to international cooperation in the fight against child abuses on the Internet during armed conflicts needs particular academic attention. Thus, the present article addresses the norms of the law of treaties related to the effects of armed conflicts on treaties, including cybercrime conventions; discusses applicability of the existing cybercrime treaties during armed conflicts. KEYWORDS: Online sexual abuse. Online child sexual exploitation and abuse. Armed conflict. Cybercrime. Operation of treaties.